Moments in Time Fine Auction

FINE ESTATE AUCTIONS
Auction Terms & Conditions

Every Lot offered in our catalog is sold subject to these Conditions of Sale. By registering to bid, you agree to be bound by them.

Conditions of Sale

These Conditions of Sale apply to every offer and sale of Property made by Fine Estate and to all participants in its auctions. Please read them carefully.

Every Lot for sale in our catalog is offered subject to the following terms and conditions, as may be amended or supplemented by any notices, changes or additions published or announced prior to or during an auction. The terms FE, us we, or our as used herein all refer to Fine Estate Incorporated doing business as Fine Estate Auctions.

Unless otherwise indicated in the catalog or at the time of sale, FE acts at all times as the agent for the seller of the Property. All sales made pursuant to these Conditions of Sale shall be deemed to occur in California, regardless of the bidding method used or the physical location of the bidder or Buyer.

By registering to bid at an FE auction, whether in person, by absentee bid form, by telephone or by any other means including Internet and e-mail, and whether you plan to bid directly or via an authorized agent, you expressly agree to be bound by these Conditions of Sale, as may be amended. The terms you and your as used herein refer to each bidder and Buyer participating in the auction.

Definitions

Auctioneer: The representative of FE conducting the auction.

Consignor: The seller, or the seller?s representative, on behalf of whom we are selling the Property.

Buyer: The high bidder to whom a Lot is knocked down at auction as recognized by the Auctioneer (or who is otherwise acknowledged by FE as the purchaser of the Lot).
Lot: Each item (or group of items) being offered for sale in consecutive order at auction.

Property: The collective term for one or more Lots offered for sale by FE or sold to a Buyer.

Reserve: The confidential minimum bid price at which a Lot may be sold.

Hammer Price: The highest accepted bid price in U.S. Dollars at which a Lot is knocked down by the Auctioneer to the Buyer of the Lot.

Buyers Premium: The commission payable by the Buyer to FE, calculated as a percentage of the Hammer Price of each Lot, as described in more detail below.

Online Bidding Surcharge: The online use fee payable by the Buyer to FE, calculated as a percentage of the Hammer Price of each Lot, as described in more detail below.

Purchase Price: The aggregate of the Hammer Price, the Buyers Premium, and the Online Bidding Surcharge (if applicable), plus applicable sales or use tax and other fees (if any) required by law, unless the Buyer provides acceptable documentation of its exemption therefrom.

Purchase Price, Including Buyer?s Premium and Online Bidding Surcharge

As noted above, as part of the total Purchase Price for each Lot the Buyer shall pay, in addition to the Hammer Price:

A Buyers Premium, which shall be retained by FE and calculated as 28% of the final bid price up to $250,000; 15% of the final bid price above $250,000 up to and including $1,000,000; and 10% of the bid price over $1,000,000 of the Lot, plus sales taxes and fees, if and as applicable, as detailed above.
Terms of Sale

a. Purchase of and Payment for Property

Upon the fall of the Auctioneers hammer, the Buyer shall have purchased the offered Lot in accordance with and subject to these Conditions of Sale and assumes full risk and responsibility for the Lot, and will sign a confirmation of purchase upon request. Title to the Lot shall pass upon the fall of the Auctioneers hammer.

Buyer shall pay the total Purchase Price, as defined above, and any other fees or costs as may be due, in full, within five (5) business days following the auction. A sale is not final and the subject Property will not be released to the Buyer until all amounts due in good funds have been received by FE.

Payment by the Buyer may be made to FE (i) in cash, (ii) by wire transfer (a $25 fee may apply), (iii) by money order or other guaranteed funds, or (iv) by personal check drawn on a U.S. bank (with pre-approved credit). The amount of cash notes that can be accepted for a purchase may be limited. No Lot shall be transferred by Buyer to another person until the sale is final.

In the event of partial payment for any Lot or Lots, we shall apply payments, in our discretion, to the Lot or Lots we select. The Buyer grants FE a security interest in the purchased Property, and we may retain as collateral any Property purchased and any funds in our possession to secure a Buyer?s obligations to us. We retain the rights of a secured party under the California Commercial Code.

All bid prices, premiums, charges, taxes and other sums due and not paid pursuant to this paragraph shall be subject to a finance charge at a rate of 1.5% per month (or, if lower, the maximum non-usurious rate of interest permitted by applicable law) from the 8th calendar day following the auction to the date paid in full.

b. Collection of Property

Upon transfer of title, the Buyer assumes full responsibility, including risk of loss and damage, for the Property. Purchased Property shall be removed at the Buyer?s expense within five (5) business days following the auction, subject to the sale having become final. Property not removed timely shall be subject to a storage fee of $10 per Lot per day. FE may also, in its sole discretion, elect to place the Property in a public storage facility at the Buyer?s sole risk and expense.

c. Liability for Non-Delivery of Property

If, for any reason whatsoever, we are unable to deliver the purchased Property to the Buyer upon completion of sale, FE shall be liable to the Buyer only for the amount of the Purchase Price actually paid by the Buyer, and in no event shall we be liable for any incidental or consequential damages including, but not limited to, business interruption or lost profits.

The Auction Process

a. Bidder Registration

Bidders must register in advance to bid at auction.
(i) If you are intending to bid by absentee or via telephone or the Internet, please read, sign and deliver to FE the requisite registration form at least 1 hour prior to the auction. Telephone bidding is subject to staff availability and is available on a first-come, first-served basis.

(ii) If you are intending to bid in person, pre-register at the front desk and obtain a bidding paddle prior to commencement of the auction. The Auctioneer may refuse to recognize any person not registered or not having a paddle number.
FE reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to refuse anyone the right to register and participate at its auctions. Any person placing a bid as an agent on behalf of another (whether or not such person has disclosed that fact or the identity of the principal on its registration form) may be jointly and severally liable with the principal under any contract resulting from a bid.

b. Absentee Bids

For bidding convenience, absentee bids will be accepted when properly executed and submitted in a timely manner. However, we do not accept any responsibility to an absentee bidder nor any liability whatsoever for a failure to execute the absentee bid for any reason. In the event that identical, multiple absentee bids are the highest bids received for the same Lot, then the earliest-received of the competing absentee bids shall prevail at that bid amount.

c. Saleroom Notices & Other Amendments

We may, prior to, at the commencement of, or during an auction, post, publish or announce important notices, changes or additions to descriptions of Property, other catalog material or the Conditions of Sale, which amendments shall be effective upon posting, publication or announcement thereof.

d. Auctioneer?s Discretion

The Auctioneer has the absolute discretion to (i) withdraw a Lot from sale, divide or combine Lots, or pass a Lot, at any time prior to its actual sale; (ii) advance the bidding on a Lot in any manner the Auctioneer may decide; (iii) split any bidding increment; (iv) refuse to recognize any bidder; (v) reject or refuse to recognize any bid; and (vi) resolve any dispute between bidders or resolve any doubtful bid by deciding who is the successful bidder or nullifying the auction of the Lot and reoffering it for sale.

The Auctioneer?s decision shall be binding as to any disputes arising at auction. If a dispute arises post-auction, FE?s records of the sale shall be conclusive. Both the Auctioneer and FE shall be without any liability whatsoever resulting from the exercise of the discretion referred to herein.

e. Reserves

All Property is offered for sale subject to a Reserve unless otherwise stated by us at time of sale or noted in the catalog. If a Lot is offered with a Reserve, FE may implement such Reserve by bidding on behalf of the Consignor, whether by opening bidding or continuing bidding in response to other bidders until reaching the Reserve. Neither the Consignor nor any agent or representative of the Consignor is allowed to bid on their own Property.

Auction Estimates

All estimates of value published in our catalogs or elsewhere are qualified statements of opinion only as to the range of the price a willing buyer might pay for the subject Property at auction. The actual price paid at auction or subsequently for the subject Property may vary substantially from the estimates. FE shall not be liable for any such differential.

Disclaimer of Warranties & Limitations on Liability

EXCEPT FOR WARRANTY OF TITLE, NEITHER FE NOR THE CONSIGNOR MAKES ANY REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, OR GUARANTEES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO ANY PROPERTY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ?FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ?MERCHANTABILITY" OR ?NON-INFRINGEMENT." ALL PROPERTY IS OFFERED AND SOLD ?AS-IS" AND ?WITH ALL FAULTS." WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING:

BIDDERS AND BUYERS EXPRESSLY ASSUME THE RESPONSIBILITY TO INSPECT THE PROPERTY AND MAKE THEIR OWN DECISION AS TO THE NATURE, QUALITY AND VALUE OF THE PROPERTY.

ANY AND ALL STATEMENTS, DESCRIPTIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF PROPERTY IN ANY CATALOG, WEBSITE OR ELSEWHERE BY FE RELATING TO AGE, ATTRIBUTION, AUTHENTICITY, SIZE, GENUINENESS, PROVENANCE, HISTORICAL RELEVANCE OR SIGNIFICANCE, PHYSICAL CONDITION, IMPORTANCE, QUALITY, QUANTITY, RARITY, PERIOD, CULTURE, SOURCE OR ORIGIN, ARE PRESENTED AS QUALIFIED STATEMENTS OF OPINION ONLY. THIS DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY COVERS INFORMATION CONTAINED IN ITS CATALOGS, WEBSITE AND ALL OTHER MATERIAL PUBLISHED BY US IN ALL MEDIA, INCLUDING CONDITION REPORTS AND MARKETING MATERIALS.

NEITHER FE NOR THE CONSIGNOR MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE WITH REGARD TO THE EXISTENCE OF OR THE TRANSFER OF ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, MORAL RIGHTS OR RESIDUAL RIGHTS OF THE ARTIST, EXCEPT AND TO SUCH EXTENT AS MAY BE EXPLICITLY STATED IN THE CATALOG.

NO EMPLOYEE OR AGENT OF FE IS AUTHORIZED TO NOR SHALL MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE, WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN, ON FE?S BEHALF, WITH RESPECT TO ANY PROPERTY.

WE ACCEPT NO LIABILITY FOR ANY FAILURE OR DELAY IN EXECUTING BIDS OR FOR ANY ERRORS CONTAINED IN BIDS PLACED VIA ANY ONLINE BIDDING SERVICE UTILIZED BY US OR VIA OUR WEBSITE OR DIRECTED TO OUR EMAIL SYSTEM.
FE AND ITS SUPPLIERS PROVIDE THE FE WEBSITE AND SYSTEMS AND ANY THIRD PARTY ONLINE BIDDING SERVICES UTILIZED BY US ?AS IS?? AND WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR CONDITION, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY.
WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, WE ACCEPT NO LIABILITY FOR ANY FAILURES, DELAYS OR ERRORS CAUSED BY INTERRUPTIONS IN THE AVAILABILITY OF OUR WEB SITE OR SYSTEMS OR ANY ONLINE BIDDING SERVICE UTILIZED BY US OR ANY ERRORS OR DEFECTS IN THEIR CONTENT OR FUNCTIONALITY, ANY SOFTWARE AND/OR HARDWARE DEFECTS (WHETHER YOURS OR OURS) AND/OR ANY INTERNET CONNECTION PROBLEMS (WHETHER YOURS OR OURS), AND WE DO NOT REPRESENT OR WARRANT THAT THE FE WEBSITE OR SYSTEMS OR ANY THIRD PARTY ONLINE BIDDING SERVICE UTILIZED BY US WILL BE ERROR-FREE IN ITS TECHNICAL OPERATION, FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS, OR THAT ANY DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED TIMELY.FE AND ITS AFFILIATES, SUCCESSORS, AND ASSIGNS, AND ITS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, SHAREHOLDERS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS, SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL OF THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND ANY OTHER WARRANTIES NOT EXPRESSLY SET OUT HEREIN TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
EACH BIDDER AND BUYER EXPRESSLY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL FE BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY SPECIAL, COMPENSATORY, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR DAMAGES FOR LOST PROFITS, LOST BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY OR LOST DATA, REGARDLESS OF THE FORESEEABILITY OF THOSE DAMAGES) ARISING FROM PARTICIPATION AT AUCTION OR USE OF FE?S FACILITIES, SYSTEMS, WEBSITE, CATALOGS OR OTHER MATERIALS OR USE OF ANY THIRD PARTY ONLINE BIDDING SERVICE UTILIZED BY US.

Buyer Default

If a Buyer fails to pay for purchased Property timely and in full as set forth in the section entitled ?Purchase of and Payment for Property?? above, or otherwise does not comply with these Conditions of Sale in any material respect, the Buyer shall be in default. In addition to all remedies available in law and equity to FE and to the Consignor, we may hold the Buyer liable for the entire Purchase Price plus finance charges and reasonable costs of collection (including attorneys? fees and associated legal costs); or, at FE?s option, FE may cancel the sale and retain all payments made by the defaulting Buyer as well as retain any and all Property of the Buyer in our possession as security against payment of the sums in default; or we may re-offer the Property for sale, at auction or privately, with or without reserve.The defaulting Buyer shall be liable to FE and the Consignor for the additional fees, commissions and costs of all sales (including without limitation any handling, storage and attorneys? fees and associated legal costs incurred) resulting from the cancellation or resale of the Property and, in the event of resale, any deficiency which may result therefrom.

Limited Right of Rescission

The sole and exclusive remedy to cancel the sale of a Lot, available only to the original Buyer, is the limited right of rescission set forth herein. FE will cancel the sale of a Lot if the original Buyer establishes to our satisfaction that there has been a breach of the Consignor?s warranty of title, or that the identification of Authorship (as defined below) of the subject Property as set forth in the BOLD TYPE heading is not substantially correct, based on a fair reading of the catalog (as may be amended by saleroom notices or verbal announcements during the auction).

IN ALL INSTANCES, THE ORIGINAL BUYER MUST GIVE WRITTEN NOTICE TO FE WITHIN THIRTY (30) CALENDAR DAYS FOLLOWING THE AUCTION OF THE PROPERTY, SETTING FORTH THE BASIS FOR YOUR CLAIM AND, AT YOUR SOLE EXPENSE AND RISK, RETURN THE SUBJECT PROPERTY, IN ITS ENTIRETY AND IN THE SAME CONDITION AS WHEN SOLD, TO FE WITHIN SEVEN (7) CALENDAR DAYS AFTER SUCH NOTICE IS DELIVERED.

Upon review of your notice and the subject Property, if you have established the basis for the rescission claim to our satisfaction (including by providing one or more written opinions by recognized experts in the field, as we may reasonably require) and the Property has been returned in its entirety and in the same condition it was in when sold, FE will rescind the sale and return to you the Purchase Price, unless we have already remitted funds to the Consignor.

In that event, and at FE?s sole discretion, FE shall either pay you the Purchase Price as provided above, or shall pay you only that portion of the Purchase Price retained by us (the seller?s commission, the Buyer?s Premium, any Online Bidding Surcharge and any sales taxes and fees collected) and on your behalf make demand on the Consignor for the balance, and upon receipt of the funds remit same to you. Should the Consignor refuse to return the funds to you or to FE, we shall disclose the Consignor?s identity and assign to you any and all rights we may have against the Consignor.

THE BUYER EXPRESSLY UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT FE SHALL HAVE NO OTHER LIABILITY TO THE BUYER EXCEPT AS SET FORTH ABOVE AND THAT IN NO EVENT SHALL FE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR COMPENSATORY DAMAGES OR DAMAGES FOR LOST PROFITS OR LOST BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY.

As used herein, ?Authorship?? refers to the maker or creator of the Lot and, if applicable, the period and origin of the Lot, in each case as and to the extent stated in the BOLD TYPE portion of the description for the subject Lot in our catalog. Titles, dates and other information appearing below the BOLD TYPE portion of the Lot description or elsewhere do not comprise Authorship and are not subject to the right of rescission.

Unless determined to be a forgery (a later counterfeit intended to deceive), the sale of paintings and other art works described as having been created prior to 1870 shall not be subject to the limited right of rescission.

Miscellaneous Provisions

a. Modification. No modification or amendment of the Conditions of Sale shall bind FE unless contained in a writing signed by FE, except as may be posted or published as noted above or verbally announced at time of sale.
b. Severability. If, for any reason, any part of the Conditions of Sale is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining portion shall be valid and enforceable.
c. Successors and Assigns. These Conditions of Sale shall be binding on all heirs, successors and assigns of each bidder and Buyer and inure to the benefit of FE?s successors and assigns.
d. Governing Law, Jurisdiction and Venue. These Conditions of Sale shall be governed by, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without regard to its conflicts of laws provisions. Jurisdiction for all dispute resolution shall be the State of California. Venue shall be Marin County, California.
e. Notices and Service of Process. Each bidder and Buyer agrees to accept all notices and service of process at the address provided by such bidder or Buyer on any registration form executed in connection with participation at auction. All notices given in connection with these Conditions of Sale shall be made in writing and deemed effective upon personal delivery to the party?s stated address, three (3) business days after deposit in the U.S. mail with postage paid to such address, or one (1) business day following delivery by e-mail to the party?s stated e-mail address.
f. Dispute Resolution. All disputes and claims arising out of or relating to events and actions covered by these Conditions of Sale, whether brought by or against FE, shall be resolved by binding arbitration in accordance with the procedures set forth below. This provision does not apply to claims brought by the Buyer directly against the Consignor, including, but not limited to, any action brought pursuant to the rescission provisions noted above.

Arbitration Procedures

You and FE agree that any dispute or claim in law or equity, including but not limited to any cross-claim asserted by a party to these Conditions of Sale, that arises out of the subject of these Conditions of Sale in which the sum in dispute exceeds $5,000 shall be decided by neutral, binding arbitration before a single arbitrator in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association pertaining to arbitration of commercial disputes. The arbitration fees and costs shall be borne equally by the parties, but the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its actual attorneys? fees.

Packing, Shipping & Delivery of Purchased Property

FE offers in-house shipping for jewelry lots only.
Unless otherwise arranged and agreed in writing by FE, the handling, packing, shipping and insurance of purchased Lots shall be at the risk and expense of the Buyer.

FE shall not, under any circumstances, be liable for the loss, theft or damage to sold Property, including but not limited to a Buyer?s selection of a third party packer or shipper (regardless of how recommended), the acts or omissions of any such packer or shipper, or any acts or omissions occurring in post-auction handling, packing for shipment, shipping or delivery.

It is the Buyer?s responsibility to obtain a shipping quote for any Lot on which it intends to bid from a third party shipper, prior to the auction. Post-auction determination of packing and shipping costs does not constitute grounds for cancellation of any purchase made at auction. Buyers are advised that the packing and shipping of (and associated insurance costs for) large, antique and fragile items can be expensive. Provided pre-paid mailing labels will incur a packing and drop-off fee.

Copyrights & Consents

Copyright in the text and in the photographs, digital images and illustrations appearing in our catalogs, website and other materials belong to FE and its licensors. You will not reproduce or permit anyone else to reproduce such text, photographs, digital images and illustrations without our prior written consent.

FE reserves the right to record audio and video of its auctions and related events, and by participating therein you consent to inclusion of your image and voice as may exist in any such recording.

Notice Regarding Property Made from or Containing Materials from Endangered or Protected Species
Lots may be made from or contain a portion of material made or potentially made from endangered and/or other protected plant or animal species. Such regulated species materials include, but are not limited to, ivory, tortoise shell, crocodile skin, whalebone, rhinoceros horn, some species of coral and certain woods.

Prospective Buyers are advised that several countries completely prohibit importation of property made, in whole or in part, of regulated species materials. Some countries require licenses and special permits, such as a CITES permit, from the relevant regulating authority in the countries of exportation and importation. Some states, including without limitation New York State, have adopted restrictions and permitting requirements for items containing such materials as well.

Potential Buyers intending to import the property into another state or country should be familiar with the relevant laws and regulations prior to bidding on any Property containing such regulated species material. It shall be the potential Buyer?s sole responsibility to research and satisfy the requirements of any laws and regulations that apply to the possession, import and export of Property containing regulated species material as described in the aforementioned paragraphs.

Prospective Buyers must also note that the inability or delay in obtaining permits, licenses or other permissions to possess, import or export Property potentially containing regulated species material will not constitute a basis for rescission or cancellation of the sale of said Property or the delay in payment of purchased Lots in accordance with the Conditions of Sale.

Glossary and Terminology Used in Cataloguing

Condition notes and reports & property illustrations

FE may include a brief note on condition within the catalog description of a Lot. We do this when the condition problem is material enough in our opinion to affect the estimate of the Lot. This does not constitute a complete report of the Lot?s condition, nor should it be assumed that Lots cataloged without mention of condition are in perfect condition.

Separate condition reports for Lots on offer may be available from our staff upon request. While such reports typically contain more information than in the catalog descriptions and we endeavor to include significant alterations and defects therein, condition reports should not be assumed to be or relied upon as exhaustive.

Also, note that images of Property included in catalogs, on the website and in other materials or provided directly are provided for convenience only and may not be accurate depictions of a Lot?s condition or color, and Property items may appear smaller or larger than actual size. Condition notes, condition reports and images of Property on offer do not constitute representations or warranties by FE. Prospective bidders and Buyers should inspect the Lots on offer in person or via an agent and satisfy themselves as to the condition, authenticity and value thereof.

Paintings & artworks ? authorship

(Artist): In our opinion, the work is by the stated artist.
Attributed to (Artist): In our opinion, the work may be ascribed to the artist on the basis of style, but there may be some question as to actual authorship.
In the manner of (Artist): In our opinion, the work was executed by an unknown hand, but was designed deliberately to emulate the style of the artist.
After (Artist): In our opinion, the work was executed by an unknown hand, but is a deliberate copy of a known work by the artist.
Circle of (Artist): In our opinion, a work of the period of the artist showing his influence, closely associated with the artist but not necessarily his or her pupil.
Follower of (Artist): In our opinion, a work by a pupil or a follower of the artist (not necessarily a pupil).
American, 19th century: In our opinion, this work was executed by an unknown hand, and can only be identified by origin (i.e., region, period).
Bears signature: In our opinion, the signature on the artwork may be spurious.

Picture frames. Fine art frames are not included in the Lot estimate or Purchase Price and FE accepts no liability for damage or loss to picture frames, glass or backings during storage, handling, packing or shipment.

Jewelry & watches

Gemstones. Gemstone weights are approximate. In addition, the majority of gemstones today are subjected to a variety of treatments and/or enhancements, including diamonds and colored stones, the purpose of which is to improve their appearance, color and/or clarity. Treatments such as heat, diffusion, irradiation, HTHP, oiling, resin, bleaching, dying and impregnation are just a few techniques known today. Some treatments are combined, some permanent and others are not. Not all treatments are detectable using standard gemological equipment. Prospective Buyers are therefore reminded that unless otherwise noted in the Lot description(s) or condition report, it must be assumed that some form of enhancement may have been used. Laboratory reports only reflect the opinions of the laboratory on that date. Each laboratory has its own strengths and weaknesses, therefore differing in degrees of grading and/or treatments.
Watches. Watches and other timepieces must be examined carefully. Although we do attempt to mention in our descriptions significant defects, needed repairs, absent stones and the like, we do not guarantee the accuracy or operation of any watch function.

Property containing jade

We are aware of the many types of treatments and/or enhancements used today on jade. The purpose is to improve their appearance, i.e. color and/or clarity. Techniques like bleaching, dying and impregnation are just a few techniques known today. These treatments are not detectable using standard gemological procedures. Not all are permanent. Prospective Buyers are therefore reminded that unless otherwise specifically noted in the catalog description(s),* it should be assumed that some form of enhancement may have been used on jade.
* Accompanied by a laboratory report stating natural, no evidence of treatment.

Furniture

George III Mahogany Chest of Drawers, Third Quarter 18th Century: Indicates that the piece is, in our opinion, of the period indicated with no major alterations or restorations.
George III Mahogany Chest of Drawers: Without the inclusion of the date, indicates that, in our opinion, the piece, while originally or basically of the period, has undergone significant restoration and/or alteration.
George III Style Mahogany Chest of Drawers: The inclusion of the word ?style?? in the heading indicates that, in our opinion, the piece was made as an intentional reproduction of an earlier style.
Bronzes
Antoine-Louis Barye: Indicates that the casting and patination were done by the artist or with his direct authorization or supervision.
After a Model by Antoine-Louis Barye: Indicates that in our opinion, the casting and patination of a known Barye model were done by another, i.e., artisans at the F. Barbedienne or other foundry.

Ceramics
A Meissen Porcelain Cup and Saucer, Late 19th Century: Indicates that in our opinion, the cup and saucer were made at the Meissen factory in the last quarter of the 19th century.
A Meissen Porcelain Cup and Saucer: Indicates that in our opinion, the cup and saucer were made at the Meissen factory, but does not specify when, implying the age is uncertain.
A Meissen Style Porcelain Cup and Saucer: Indicates that in our opinion, the cup and saucer were not made at the Meissen factory but are of a similar style.

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